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Topic: Pollination, Fertilization, Budding, and Coloration

Class: JSS 2
Subject: Basic Science
Term: Third Term
Week: 9
Duration: 40 minutes
Theme: Living Things
Sub-theme: Reproduction in Plants and Animals
Instructional Materials:

• Charts showing flower parts

• Diagrams of pollination and fertilization

• Video or animation of budding (yeast or hydra)

• Color chart showing different animals and plant colours

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Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define and explain pollination and types of pollination.

2. Describe fertilization in plants.

3. Explain budding with examples.

4. Describe coloration in animals and plants and its importance.

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 Set Induction (Classroom Story Prompt)

The teacher walks in holding a red hibiscus flower and a ripe mango.
Teacher asks:
“Do you know how this flower becomes a fruit?”
“Have you noticed some animals like chameleons change their colour?”
“Can plants have babies without seeds?”

Let’s find out together!

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‍ Lesson Content

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 1. Pollination

Definition: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower.

Types of Pollination:

• Self-pollination: When pollen moves from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

• Cross-pollination: When pollen is transferred to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

Agents of Pollination:

• Insects (e.g. bees, butterflies)

• Wind

• Water

• Birds and bats

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 2. Fertilization

Definition: Fertilization is the process where the male sex cell (from the pollen) fuses with the female egg cell (ovule) to form a zygote.

Process of Fertilization:

1. Pollen lands on stigma

2. Pollen tube grows down into ovary

3. Male cell travels down and meets ovule

4. Fertilization occurs and forms a zygote

5. Zygote becomes seed, and ovary becomes fruit

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 3. Budding

Definition: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from a bud on the parent’s body.

Examples:

• Hydra: A small hydra grows on the parent and falls off to live on its own.

• Yeast: The new bud forms and separates from the parent cell.

Key Idea: No male or female cell needed; only one parent.

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 4. Coloration

Definition: Coloration is the arrangement or pattern of colors on plants and animals.

Functions of Coloration:

• Camouflage: Helps animals hide from enemies (e.g. chameleon)

• Warning Colour: Shows danger (e.g. red on some poisonous frogs)

• Attraction: Bright flower colors attract pollinators

• Mating: Male peacocks show colourful feathers to attract females

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 Teacher-Pupil Activities

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✏️ Evaluation Questions

1. Define pollination.

2. Mention two agents of pollination.

3. Differentiate between self and cross pollination.

4. What is fertilization in plants?

5. List the steps of fertilization in flowering plants.

6. Define budding and give two examples.

7. What is coloration?

8. State two functions of coloration in animals.

9. Name one animal that uses camouflage.

10. Explain how flowers attract insects for pollination.

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 Take-Home Assignment

Draw and label the parts of a flower showing:

• Anther

• Stigma

• Ovary

• Petals
  Also write a paragraph on the importance of coloration in plant and animal survival.

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✅ Lesson Summary (Key Points to Remember)

• Pollination is how pollen moves to the stigma; fertilization is when the male cell joins the female ovule.

• Budding is asexual reproduction from one parent.

• Coloration helps in hiding, mating, or warning predators.

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 Keywords

• Pollination

• Fertilization

• Budding

• Coloration

• Anther

• Stigma

• Ovule

• Zygote

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✅ Basic Science JSS 2 Third Term Week 9: Pollination, Fertilization, Budding, and Coloration

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Introduction: Nature’s Reproduction Secrets Unveiled

Ever wondered how flowers turn into fruits? Or why some animals change their colours? This lesson dives into the fascinating world of pollination, fertilization, budding, and coloration — revealing how life reproduces and survives in creative ways.

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Lesson Overview

• Subject: Basic Science

• Class: JSS 2

• Term: Third Term

• Week: 9

• Theme: Living Things

• Sub-theme: Reproduction in Plants and Animals

• Duration: 40 minutes

• Instructional Materials: Flower diagrams, budding samples, color charts, animation clips

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Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:

• Define and explain pollination and its types

• Describe the process of fertilization in plants

• Explain budding with live examples

• Discuss coloration in animals and plants, including its purpose

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What Is Pollination?

Definition

Pollination is the movement of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower.

Types of Pollination

• Self-Pollination: Pollen is transferred within the same flower or between flowers on the same plant.

• Cross-Pollination: Pollen moves from one plant to another of the same species.

Agents of Pollination

• Insects (e.g., bees, butterflies)

• Wind

• Water

• Birds or bats

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What Is Fertilization in Plants?

Definition

Fertilization occurs when the male sex cell (in pollen) unites with the female sex cell (ovule) in the ovary to form a zygote.

Steps in Fertilization

1. Pollen lands on the stigma

2. Pollen tube grows down the style

3. Male nucleus moves into the ovule

4. Fertilization takes place

5. Zygote becomes a seed; ovary becomes a fruit

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What Is Budding?

Definition

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops as an outgrowth (bud) from the parent.

Examples of Budding

• Yeast

• Hydra

Key Features

• Involves one parent only

• No fusion of male and female cells

• Bud may remain attached or break off

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What Is Coloration?

Definition

Coloration refers to the pattern or arrangement of colours found on the bodies of animals and plants.

Functions of Coloration

• Camouflage: Blending into the environment (e.g., chameleon)

• Warning: Bright colours to signal danger (e.g., red frogs)

• Attraction: Bright flowers attract pollinators

• Mating Display: Male animals use colours to attract mates

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‍ Classroom Interaction Table

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Student Evaluation

Fill-in-the-Gap & Short Answer

1. Define pollination.

2. Name two agents of pollination.

3. Explain the difference between self and cross-pollination.

4. Describe fertilization in plants.

5. List the steps involved in plant fertilization.

6. Define budding and give examples.

7. What is coloration?

8. Mention two functions of coloration in animals.

9. Give one example of an animal that uses camouflage.

10. How do bright flowers help in pollination?

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Take-Home Assignment

1. Draw and label the parts of a flower (anther, stigma, ovary, petal).

2. Write a short paragraph explaining how coloration helps animals and plants survive.

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Key Vocabulary

• Pollination

• Fertilization

• Budding

• Coloration

• Ovule

• Zygote

• Camouflage

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‍ Real-Life Application

• Farmers rely on pollination for crop yield.

• Scientists use yeast budding in medical experiments.

• Chameleons change color for survival—learned in nature documentaries.

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Conclusion

Nature’s design for reproduction is intelligent and beautiful. From flowers attracting bees to chameleons blending into trees, every process—pollination, fertilization, budding, and coloration—teaches us how life survives and thrives. Encourage your students to look around and see these lessons in nature daily.

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✅ 15 Fill-in-the-Gap Questions (Objective – Multiple Choice)

Instruction: Choose the correct option to fill in the gap.

1. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called ______.
   a) Fertilization
   b) Germination
   c) Pollination
   d) Photosynthesis

2. The part of the flower that produces pollen is the ______.
   a) Ovule
   b) Anther
   c) Stigma
   d) Sepal

3. Pollination within the same flower or plant is known as ______.
   a) Cross-pollination
   b) Dual pollination
   c) Self-pollination
   d) Wind pollination

4. Pollination that occurs between two different plants is called ______.
   a) Budding
   b) Cross-pollination
   c) Asexual pollination
   d) Internal pollination

5. The process in which the male and female gametes fuse in plants is ______.
   a) Seed formation
   b) Budding
   c) Fertilization
   d) Camouflage

6. After fertilization, the ovule becomes the ______.
   a) Petal
   b) Fruit
   c) Flower
   d) Seed

7. ______ is a type of asexual reproduction seen in yeast and hydra.
   a) Budding
   b) Pollination
   c) Fertilization
   d) Camouflage

8. In budding, the new organism is called a ______.
   a) Fruit
   b) Zygote
   c) Bud
   d) Seed

9. Coloration that helps animals blend into their surroundings is called ______.
   a) Attraction
   b) Warning
   c) Camouflage
   d) Mating

10. An animal that changes its skin colour to hide is a ______.
    a) Tiger
    b) Chameleon
    c) Parrot
    d) Cow

11. Bright flower colours help in ______.
    a) Respiration
    b) Movement
    c) Pollination
    d) Excretion

12. During pollination, the pollen grain travels through the ______ to reach the ovary.
    a) Petal
    b) Style
    c) Sepal
    d) Leaf

13. In hydra, the bud ______ to form a new organism.
    a) Becomes a flower
    b) Falls off
    c) Forms a seed
    d) Grows into a leaf

14. A fertilized ovule is known as a ______.
    a) Bud
    b) Stem
    c) Seed
    d) Pollen

15. A reproductive process that needs only one parent is called ______.
    a) Pollination
    b) Fertilization
    c) Asexual reproduction
    d) Coloration

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❓ 10 FAQs (For SEO & Learner Clarity)

1. What is pollination in plants?
   Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part.

2. What are the two types of pollination?
   Self-pollination and cross-pollination.

3. What is fertilization in plants?
   It is the fusion of the male and female gametes to form a zygote.

4. Which part of the flower becomes the seed?
   The ovule becomes the seed after fertilization.

5. Which organisms reproduce by budding?
   Yeast and hydra reproduce by budding.

6. What is coloration in animals?
   It is the use of colour or patterns by animals for protection, attraction, or warning.

7. Why do some animals use camouflage?
   To blend into their environment and escape predators.

8. What is the function of bright colours in flowers?
   To attract insects and other pollinators.

9. Is budding sexual or asexual reproduction?
   Budding is a type of asexual reproduction.

10. Can coloration help in mating?
    Yes, some animals use colours to attract mates.

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10 Evaluation Questions (For Tests & Class Discussion)

1. Define pollination and name its two main types.

2. Explain the process of fertilization in plants.

3. What are the agents of pollination? Mention three.

4. What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

5. Define budding and give two organisms that reproduce this way.

6. State three functions of coloration in animals.

7. Describe the role of insects in pollination.

8. What happens to the ovary and ovule after fertilization?

9. Why is coloration important to survival in the wild?

10. Draw and label the parts of a flower involved in reproduction.

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