LESSON PLAN
SUBJECT: Mathematics
CLASS: JSS 3
TERM: Second Term
WEEK: Week 2
AGE: 13–14 Years
TOPIC: Solving Equations with Fractions
SUB-TOPIC: Simple Fractional Equations and Word Problems
DURATION: 40 Minutes
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES
Learners should be able to:
- Define fractional equations in simple terms.
- Identify equations that contain fractions.
- Clear denominators using LCM.
- Solve simple fractional equations.
- Solve real-life word problems involving fractions.
- Explain steps clearly.
- Work collaboratively.
- Think critically.
- Show confidence in solving equations.
- Apply knowledge to practical tasks.
KEYWORDS & MEANINGS
- Fraction: A part of a whole.
- Numerator: The top number in a fraction.
- Denominator: The bottom number in a fraction.
- Equation: A statement that shows two expressions are equal.
- Variable: A letter that stands for an unknown value.
- Clear Denominator: Removing denominators by multiplying through with the LCM.
- LCM: Least Common Multiple.
- Simplify: Make an expression easier.
- Operation: A mathematical process like +, –, ×, ÷.
- Word Problem: A maths problem written in words.
SET INDUCTION (Story)
“Last weekend at Agege market, I went to buy puff-puff from Mama Tawa. I wanted one full bag, but she said she only had 2/3 of the bag left. A boy beside me said, ‘Aunty, that is a fraction. Solve it!’ The whole crowd laughed.
I asked him, ‘If 2/3 equals 6 cups, how many cups make the full bag?’
The class responds and gets involved.
This leads into today’s topic.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR
Learners already know:
- how to work with fractions
- meaning of variables
- how to solve basic equations
- how to find LCM
They are ready for equations with fractions.
LEARNING RESOURCES & MATERIALS
- Fraction charts
- Number line
- Real objects (cups, paper strips)
- Whiteboard markers
- Flashcards
- Lagos State Mathematics textbook
BUILDING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
Teacher recalls:
- numerator and denominator
- addition and subtraction of fractions
- multiplying both sides of an equation by the same number
- how to find LCM
Learners answer quick revision questions.
EMBEDDED CORE SKILLS
- Critical thinking
- Problem-Solving
- Communication
- Numeracy
- Logical reasoning
REFERENCE BOOKS
- Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work
- New General Mathematics JSS 3
- MAN Mathematics Textbook
- Lessonshabitat.com Notes
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
- Flashcards
- Fraction strips
- Sample equations
- Activity sheets
CONTENT
A. Meaning of Fractional Equations
- A fractional equation is an equation that contains fractions.
- It may have the variable inside the fraction.
- We clear denominators using LCM.
- After clearing denominators, it becomes a simple equation.
- Fractional equations appear in sharing, money, measurement, and real life.
10 EXAMPLES (WordPress-Friendly Format)
- x/3 = 5
- 2x/5 = 6
- (x + 2)/4 = 7
- (3x – 1)/2 = 5
- x/6 + 2 = 5
- (x – 4)/3 = 8
- 5x/8 = 10
- (x + 1)/2 = 4
- (2x – 3)/6 = 9
- 4x/3 = 12
B. In-Depth Explanation (With WordPress-Friendly Fractions)
1. Clearing Denominators
Multiply both sides with the LCM.
Example:
x/4 = 3
Multiply both sides by 4:
x = 12
2. Fractions on Both Sides
Example:
(x + 2)/3 = x/6 + 1
LCM = 6
Multiply both sides by 6:
2(x + 2) = x + 6
2x + 4 = x + 6
x = 2
3. Word Problems
Tunde used 2/3 of his rope. If 2/3 = 10m:
(2/3)x = 10
x = 15m
4. Real-Life Lagos Example
Mama Nkechi sells 1/4 bag of garri for ₦800.
Find cost of full bag:
1/4 x = 800
x = 3200
5. Variable in Denominator
Example:
5/x = 2
Cross multiply:
5 = 2x
x = 2.5
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES
- Introduce the topic.
- Write sample equations.
- Explain clearing denominators.
- Solve examples step-by-step.
- Ask learners to solve similar questions.
- Move around to guide learners.
- Correct errors.
LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES
- Listen actively.
- Participate in the story.
- Attempt examples.
- Work in pairs.
- Ask questions.
CLASS ACTIVITY DISCUSSION (10 FAQs)
- What is a fractional equation?
An equation with fractions. - Why clear denominators?
To make the equation simple. - What do we use to clear denominators?
LCM. - What is a variable?
A letter for an unknown value. - What is LCM?
Least Common Multiple. - Why show working?
To understand each step. - Can fractions appear in real life?
Yes. - What is the first step?
Identify denominators. - Is it possible to have fractions on both sides?
Yes. - What must we do after clearing denominators?
Solve the remaining equation.
EVALUATION (Fill-in-the-Blanks with Options)
- x/2 = 6. x = ___
a. 10 b. 12 c. 6 d. 4 - The bottom part of a fraction is ___.
a. numerator b. denominator c. sign d. value - LCM of 2 and 4 is ___.
a. 4 b. 8 c. 6 d. 2 - To clear fractions, multiply by ___.
a. sum b. LCM c. HCF d. base - (x + 3)/3 = 6. x = ___
a. 12 b. 15 c. 18 d. 9 - A letter for an unknown is ___.
a. variable b. sign c. label d. numerator - 2x/5 = 4. x = ___
a. 10 b. 6 c. 8 d. 5 - A fractional equation contains ___.
a. shapes b. fractions c. decimals d. angles - LCM of 3 and 6 is ___.
a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 - The goal is to make ___ the subject.
a. x b. numerator c. denominator d. LCM
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Define fractional equation.
- What is numerator?
- What is denominator?
- Solve: x/5 = 3
- Solve: (x + 2)/4 = 6
- Solve: 2x/3 = 10
- What is the first step in solving fractional equations?
- Solve: 3x/7 = 9
- Give one real-life example of a fractional equation.
- Why clear denominators?
CONCLUSION
Teacher quickly checks each learner’s work, corrects errors, and praises effort.
INTERNAL LINKS
https://lessonshabitat.com/jss3-mathematics-algebra-basics/
https://lessonshabitat.com/understanding-fractions-for-junior-secondary/
https://lessonshabitat.com/jss-mathematics-lesson-notes-collection/
EXTERNAL LINKS
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra
https://www.ck12.org/math/
